Polycystic Kidney Disease Symptoms

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common hereditary kidney disease, mainly multiple sizes of cysts in both kidneys, cysts increased, and eventually destroy the kidney structure and function, leading to the final stage renal failure .
What are symptoms of polycystic kidney disease ?

(1) Renal cysts: many of the symptoms of patients with ADPKD are associated with the development of renal cysts is closely related. Kidney cortex, medulla multiple liquid cysts, ranging from a few millimeters to a few centimeters in diameter, the size of the cyst, the number with the progression of gradually increased. Male patients with renal cysts increases higher than the female patients.
(2) Back pain: back or rib abdominal pain are the most common symptoms of patients with ADPKD. With age and the cysts increased symptoms gradually clear that women are much more common. Acute pain or pain suddenly intensified and often prompts cyst rupture, stones or blood clots caused urinary tract obstruction and co-infection. Chronic pain, mostly the increased kidney cyst traction renal capsule, renal pedicle, oppression caused by adjacent organs. The huge hepatic cysts also can cause right costal pain.
(3) Bleeding: more than 90% of patients with intracystic hemorrhage or gross hematuria. Mostly spontaneous, may also occur after strenuous exercise or trauma. Cysts rupture of blood vessels cause of hematuria, stones, infection or cancer. Hematuria are generally self-limiting, and 2 to 7 days to go away. If bleeding continues for more than one week or patients older than 50 years old, may need to rule out cancer.
(4) High blood pressure: ADPKD patients the most common early manifestation. Young ADPKD patients with normal renal function, 50% of the blood pressure greater than 140/90mmHg, while almost 100% in ESRD patients with hypertension. Low blood pressure and kidney size, cyst how much a positive correlation between the rising and increases with age.
(5) Renal function Impaired (Decline in renal function): early renal damage often appears as kidney function decreased concentration. The majority of patients aged 40 to 60 years in cyst growth can maintain normal renal function; Once kidney function began to decline, the rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate of approximately 4.4 to 5.5ml/min annually from impaired renal function development to ESRD time is about 10 years.
(6) Other: 20% ADPKD patients is often associated with kidney stones, uric acid and (or) calcium oxalate stones. Urinary tract and cyst infection is a common complication of retrograde infection as the main channels. Compared with the general population of ADPKD patients with renal cell carcinoma, an earlier age of onset of the symptoms, and prone to bilateral multi-center sarcomatoid metastasis.
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